Is there a conclusive evidence that diabetes is directly caused by food that is high in processed sugar?
No. That was never the underlying cause of any form of diabetes melitus (DM).
There are several, discrete types of DM. I've listed a description of each type below along with their most common causes…
Type I DM is caused by some pathology that destroys beta-cell function of the pancreas. The most common cause is autoimmune destruction following a viral infection in childhood.
Type II DM is caused by insulin receptor insensitivity. The most common cause is weight gain which increases the volume and surface area of adipose tissue. This reduces the tissue's insulin receptor density. Fewer receptors per unit of cellular surface area leads to receptor insensitivity.
Sedentary lifestyle also contributes as activity is required to sensitize insulin receptors on skeletal muscle. As type II diabetes progresses, it can lead to pancreatic beta-cell burn out, reducing the total endogenous insulin production leading to a secondary type I diabetes.
Gestational DM is insulin insensitivity during pregnancy that is caused by hormones produced by the placenta. Under normal conditions these hormones prevent the mother from absorbing too much blood sugar before it reaches the fetus.
Pathologically, these hormones become overactive causing too much reduction in insulin receptor activity. Thud results in diabetes. Gestational diabetes essentially resolves after delivery or termination of pregnancy.
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By Matt Saks
Matt Saks, studied at New York University School of Medicine
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